Quinine Hydrochloride Dihydrate

Description

Quinine Hydrochloride Dihydrate For Sale

Quinine Hydrochloride Dihydrate is a white crystalline powder, recognized for its antimalarial, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. Derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, it is commonly used in the treatment of malaria caused by Plasmodium parasites. This compound works by interfering with the parasite’s ability to digest hemoglobin. Apart from its therapeutic uses, quinine is also employed as a flavoring agent in beverages like tonic water due to its distinct bitter taste. Quinine Hydrochloride Dihydrate is soluble in water and alcohol, ensuring versatile formulation options. It remains an important pharmaceutical ingredient in both traditional and modern medicine.

Identity & Molecular Data

• Chemical name: (-)-Quinine hydrochloride dihydrate
• CAS #: 6119‑47‑7  
• EC number: 205‑001‑1  
• Molecular formula: C₂₀H₂₅ClN₂O₂·2 H₂O
• Molar mass: ~396.9 g/mol  
• Optical rotation: –230 ± 5° ([α]²⁰/D)  

Physical Properties

• Appearance: White to off-white powder  
• Melting point: 115–116 °C (decomposes)  
• Solubility: ~62.5 g/L in water; also cited as 0.25 mg in 5 mL H₂O in pharma tests  
• pH: ~6.0 when 1% solution at 20 °C   
• Bulk density: ~310 kg/m³  

Applications & Uses

• Antimalarial medication: Especially for Plasmodium falciparum resistant to chloroquine, used orally or IV  
• Fluorometric reagent: Commonly used in fluorescence assays (excitation/emission: ~322/450 nm in water)  
• Actinometry: Employed for measuring light in photochemical research  

Mode of Action & Pharmacology

• Antimalarial mechanism: Inhibits hemozoin formation in parasites, disrupting digestion of hemoglobin; may also inhibit nucleic-acid synthesis and glycolysis  
• Other effects: Potassium channel blockade in enteric neurons; acts as blood schizonticide  

Safety & Handling

• Hazard classification: Oral acute tox 4; respiratory/skin sensitizer  
• LD₅₀ (rat, oral): ~620 mg/kg  
• Hazard statements: Harmful if swallowed; may cause allergic skin reactions and asthma; handle with care  
• Precautions: Wear gloves, eye protection, dust mask (N95), work in ventilated area; avoid dust inhalation  
• Storage: Below +30 °C; dispose per organic reagent guidelines  

Regulatory Status & Warnings

• Medical use: Approved for malaria; no longer first-line due to alternatives; off-label use for leg cramps discouraged by FDA & FDA bans OTC usage for cramps  
• Side effects: Cinchonism (headache, tinnitus, visual changes); severe reactions include arrhythmia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, renal failure  
• Contraindications: Avoid in G6PD deficiency, heart conduction disorders; interacts via CYP2D6 inhibition  
• Food & beverage uses: Flavoring agent in tonic water, limited to ≤100 mg/L in EU and ≤83 ppm in US  

Industry & Research Use

• Pharmacopeia grade: Compliant with USP/NF and Ph.Eur standards  
• Research grade: Pure, fluorescent-grade powder (≥98%), used in spectroscopy and fluorescence studies  

Trivia & Anecdotes

• Tonic water’s origin: Developed to mask quinine’s bitterness; gin and tonic originated from this practice  
• Fluorescence: Under UV light, quinine glows cyan—often used in fun demos  

Property	Value
CAS	6119‑47‑7
Formula	C₂₀H₂₅ClN₂O₂·2 H₂O
Mol. mass	~396.9 g/mol
Melting point	115–116 °C (decomp.)
Solubility	~62.5 g/L (∞ water), pH ~6
Hazard	Acute oral tox; skin/lung sensitizer; LD₅₀ ≈ 620 mg/kg (rat)
Uses	Antimalarial; fluorescent reagent; flavoring
Regulatory notes	Restricted for leg cramps (US); limited beverage presence
Pharmacology	Blood schizonticide; CYP2D6 inhibitor; may cause cinchonism